Analysis of pathogenic variants in a Chinese pedigree affected with hyaline fibromatosis syndrome / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the clinical characteristics and genetic basis for a pair of twins affected with hyaline fibromatosis syndrome (HFS).@*METHODS@#Clinical data of the twins were retrospectively analyzed. High-throughput sequencing was carried out to detect potential pathogenic variants. CLUSTALX was employed to analyze cross-species conservation of the mutant amino acids. Impact of the mutations was predicted by using software including PolyPhen-2 and Mutation taster.@*RESULTS@#The pair of twins have featured growth and intelligence retardation, and were found to carry compound heterozygous variants of the ANTXR2 gene including c.1214G>A and c.1074delT, among which c.1214G>A was unreported previously. Both variants were predicted to be pathogenic. In addition to growth and mental delay, the pair of twins also featured hyperplasia of the gum and soft tissue-like masses of the auricle. The younger brother had rupture of the auricle mass during follow-up.@*CONCLUSION@#The patients' condition can probably be attributed to the compound heterozygous variants of the ANTXR2 gene. Above finding has facilitated molecular diagnosis of the patients.

A Case of Hyaline Fibromatosis Syndrome with a New Variant of Genetic Mutation in ANTXR2 Gene

No abstract available.

Identification of novel compound heterozygous mutations in the ANTXR2 gene in a Chinese patient with juvenile hyaline fibromatosis / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To identify pathogenic mutations of ANTXR2 gene in a patient with juvenile hyaline fibromatosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral venous blood sample from the patient. All coding exons (exons 1-17) and splicing sites of the ANTXR2 gene were amplified with PCR. Potential mutations were detected with direct sequencing of the PCR products. 100 unrelated healthy subjects were used as the controls. CLUSTALX (1.81) was employed to analyze cross-species conservation of the mutant amino acid. Impact of the mutations was analyzed with software including SIFT, PolyPhen-2 and MutationTaster.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A compound heterozygous mutation c.1074delT/c.1153G>C, was identified, among which c.1153G>C has not been reported previously and was predicted to be probably damaging. Both mutations were not found among the 100 healthy controls.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The patient's condition may be attributed to the compound heterozygous mutations of c.1074delT and c.1153G>C of the ANTXR2 gene. Above results has facilitated molecular diagnosis for this patient.</p>

Hyaline fibromatosis syndrome: cutaneous manifestations

Abstract Hyaline fibromatosis syndrome is the current name for clinical manifestations of diseases previously known as “infantile systemic hyalinosis” and “juvenile hyaline fibromatosis”. The authors report representative clinical cases of each one of the above subtypes with emphasis on cutaneous manifestations and difficulties for early diagnosis in this syndrome, essentially of multidisciplinary approach.

Síndrome de fibromatosis hialina: reporte de dos casos de una misma familia / Hyaline fibromatosis syndrome: case report of two siblings

El síndrome de fibromatosis hialina es una enfermedad autosómica recesiva rara, que se caracteriza por la presencia de contractura y dolor articular, placas y nódulos hiperpigmentados e hipertrofia gingival, producto de la acumulación de un material amorfo hialino similar al colágeno tipo VI en diferentes tejidos. Esta enfermedad incluye el síndrome de hialinosis sistémica y la fibromatosis hialina juvenil, dos entidades que, durante años, fueron consideradas de manera separada; sin embargo, las características clínicas y la edad de presentación se superponen. Además, ha sido documentado que la causa de ambas entidades se localiza en un mismo gen. Se presentan dos casos de hermanas de una misma familia colombiana afectadas por la enfermedad.

Hyaline fibromatosis syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by the presence of contracture and joint pain, hyperpigmented plaques and nodules and gingival hypertrophy. These findings are the result of the accumulation of a hyaline amorphous material similar to collagen type VI in different tissues. This syndrome includes systemic hyalinosis and juvenile hyaline fibromatosis, two entities that for years were considered separately. However, it has been documented that the cause of both entities is located in the same gene and the clinical features and age of presentation are overlapped. In this study two cases of sisters from a same colombian family affected by the disease are presented.

Hiperglucemia, cetoacidosis y lesión de Armanni-Ebstein: un caso ilustrativo / Hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis and Armanni-Ebstein lesion: an illustrative case

La cetoacidosis es una alteración metabólica que puede conducir a la muerte de forma rápida e inesperada y, por tanto, ser objeto de una autopsia judicial. Histológicamente se caracteriza por el hallazgo de vacuolas subnucleares en los túbulos proximales renales, la denominada lesión de Armanni-Ebstein (AE). Aunque suele ser de etiología diabética también puede tener otro origen, fundamentalmente alcohólico. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 45 años con una historia de abuso de alcohol, se encuentra fallecida en su domicilio. Se observó hialinosis arteriolar, lesión AE en riñones y esteatosis en hígado; el estudio químico-toxicológico demostró cuerpos cetónicos en sangre y el análisis bioquímico del humor vítreo niveles de glucosa elevados. Se discute el origen más probable de cetoacidosis y la necesidad de un abordaje multidisciplinar en la investigación de las muertes súbitas inesperadas (AU)

The ketoacidosis is a metabolic disorder that may lead to unexpected sudden death and therefore be issued for a forensic autopsy. Its histopathology is characterized by subnuclear vacuoles in the renal proximal tubules, namely the Armanni-Ebstein (AE) lesion. It is usually caused by diabetes, although other origins are possible, mainly alcoholic abuse. We hereby show the case of a 45-year-old woman with a history of alcohol consumption found dead at her home. An arteriolar hyalinosis, AE lesion in kidneys and steatosis in the liver were found; results revealed ketonic bodies in blood and a high glucose value in vitreous humour. The most probable cause of ketoacidosis is discussed and also the need for a multidisciplinary approach in unexpected sudden deaths investigations (AU)

Micofenolato de mofetilo en cuatro pacientes con síndrome nefrótico e hialinosis segmentaria y focal / Mycophenolate mofetil in four patients with nephrotic syndrome and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Describimos los casos de cuatro pacientes con síndrome nefrótico(SN) diagnosticados, mediante biopsia, de hialinosis segmentaria y focal (tres de ellos corticodependientes, con múltiples recaídas a pesar del tratamiento con corticoides e inmunosupresores, y uno de ellos corticorresistente), en los que se inició tratamiento con micofenolato de mofetilo (MMF).Durante el tratamiento se registraron los niveles plasmáticos de ácido micofenólico de forma mensual. Se controlaron en la consulta la función renal (mediante la fórmula de Schwartz) y la proteinuria, así como los posibles efectos secundarios de la medicación. Nuestros pacientes presentaron sus primeros brotes de SNa edades similares (2-3 años). La edad de inicio del fármaco fue en dos pacientes antes de los 4 años y en los otros dos después de los 12 años. A pesar de usar dosis supraterapéuticas (mediana de los niveles de 5,625), todos los pacientes han mantenido una evolución clínico-analítica satisfactoria, con rangos de función renal y proteínas totales normales, sin presentar ninguna recaída (remisión total) o efectos secundarios (salvo gastrointestinales leves) ni precisar otras terapias asociadas. La duración media del tratamiento fue de 37,25 meses (rango:16-56). Los hallazgos indican la eficacia y la seguridad de MMF en monoterapia en nuestros pacientes con SN e hialinosis segmentaria y focal en quienes han fracasado otros tratamientos(AU)

We describe four pediatric patients with nephrotic syndrome(NS), diagnosed by biopsy of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis type 3 of them corticosteroid dependents (CD) with multiple recaídas a pesar of the treatment with corticoids and immunsupressors, and one of them was corticoid resistant (CR), in whom they started treatment with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). Plasma levels of mycophenolic acid were monitored monthly during follow-up. Renal function (by Schwartz equation), proteinuria and other possible side effects of medication were monitored. Our patients had their first outbreaks of NS at similar ages (2 to3 years old). Two have started on mycophenolate mofetil before they had four years of age, and the other above the age of 12. Inspite of having used supra therapeutic doses median level of 5.625all the patients have kept a satisfactory clinical analytic, with ranges of renal function and normal total of proteins level, without showing a relapse (total remission) except for minor gastrointestinal side effects, without needing other associated therapies. The average duration of treatment was of 37.25 months (range between16 and 56 months). These findings suggest mycophenolate mofetil monotherapy as an efficient and safe alternative drug in the treatment of children with nephrotic syndrome and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in which other treatments have failed(AU)

Seguimiento del perfil proteico urinario en el trasplante renal / Follow-up of urine protein profile in renal transplant

La nefropatía crónica del trasplante (NCT) se caracteriza por fibrosis intersticial y atrofia tubular, pero su etiología es diversa. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar el seguimiento cualitativo de proteínas urinarias en pacientes con más de seis años de trasplante renal y compararlo con parámetros de laboratorio y con biopsia renal. Se evaluaron 17 pacientes durante un año, a través de creatinina sérica, proteinuria y fraccionamiento proteico por electroforesis en geles de poliacrilamida (SDS-PAGE) en una y dos dimensiones con coloración argéntica. Todos los pacientes con biopsias características de nefropatía crónica del trasplante presentaron un perfil tubular y aquellos con glomerulopatía del trasplante evidenciaron un perfil predominantemente glomerular. Los cambios en el perfil tubular se asociaron a infecciones urinarias, pulmonares e intestinales y a una respuesta inmunológica en el límite al rechazo (borderline), aún sin modificaciones evidentes en la creatinina sérica ni en la proteinuria. La electroforesis bidimensional permitió detectar claramente las proteínas orosomucoide y zinc alfa-2 glicoproteína, aparentemente asociadas a hialinosis arteriolar por toxicidad causada por ciclosporina. La electroforesis SDS-PAGE permitió identificar el sitio de lesión en el nefrón y cambios en la evolución, aún en presencia de vestigios de proteinuria. Las electroforesis SDS-PAGE mono y bidimensional se plantean como complemento para la evaluación de la condición clínica del paciente trasplantado renal crónico.

Post-transplant chronic nephropathy is characterized by interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. These alterations are non-specific, but the glomerular and vascular lesions help to differentiate the etiological causes. The aim of this study was to determine the qualitative follow-up study of urine proteins in patients, six years after receiving a renal transplant, and compare their relationship to laboratory parameters and renal biopsy. The evolution of 17 patients with renal transplant was studied for one year, through serum creatinine, proteinuria, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS-PAGE) in one and two dimensions with silver staining. The patients with chronic nephropathy by renal biopsy presented a tubular profile of urinary proteins, and those who presented glomerulopathy showed a predominant glomerular profile. Changes in the tubular profiles during the follow-up study were associated to urinary tract, pulmonary, and intestinal infections, as well as borderline rejection, even without evident changes in either proteinuria or serum creatinine. The bidimensional electrophoresis clearly marked the orosomucoid proteins and zinc alpha-2 glycoprotein, generally associated to arterial hyalinosis due to ciclosporin toxicity. Even with traces of proteinuria, SDS-PAGE with silver staining made it possible to identify the renal lesion location. It also enabled the detection of the stable profiles of urinary proteins and changes in the evolution, without modification of serum creatinine. SDS-PAGE in one and two dimensions is used as a complement in the evaluation of renal transplant patients' clinical condition.

Juvenile Hyaline Fibromatosis

Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis (JHF) is a rare, progressive autosomal recessive disease that's characterized by papulonodular skin lesions, soft tissue masses, joint contractures, gingival hypertrophy and osteolytic bone lesions. We present here the case of a 2-yr-old boy with JHF along with a review of the relevant literature. This case demonstrates that JHF should be considered in the differential diagnosis when multiple subcutaneous nodules are observed in the face, head and neck.

Juvenile Hyaline Fibromatosis in an Adult

Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis is a rare disorder probably inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. It is characterized by multiple slowly growing subcutaneous nodules, hypertrophy of gingiva, flexion contracture, and radiolucent bone destruction. The histological features of the tumor-like lesions are characterized by the deposition of amorphous hyaline material in which spindle shaped cells are embedded. We report a case of juvenile hyaline fibromatosis in a 26 year-old-woman. She had multiple subcutaneous nodules in scalp, ear, forearms, right knee, and back. Surgical excision of the tumors in the scalp and ear was done. The largest one measured 13 9 6 cm, and had homogeneous, grayish yellow cut surface with calcification. Light microscopic examination showed abundant eosinophilic hyaline material with extensive calcification and metaplastic bone formation. Spindle cells were rarely observed at the periphery of the tumor. Hyaline matrix was PAS positive, diastase resistant, and alcian blue negative. Scattered spindle cells were positive for vimentin but negative for S-100 protein and smooth muscle actin. There were many reports regarding early lesions of juvenile hyaline fibromatosis; however in this patient, tumor existed for more than 20 years and the histology was somewhat different from the early lesions reported in the literature.